An Environmental Stable Ionogel‐Based Smart Glove System for Integrated Underwater Communication and Safety Warning

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Abstract
Flexible sensing technology based on hydrogel‐based smart gloves enables accurate gesture recognition in complex environments, but such gloves degrade in dry, high‐temperature, and underwater conditions, and their complex assembly limits practical usability. Here, a smart glove monitoring system is developed by integrating a poly(benzyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate)/ionic liquid (P(BZMA‐co‐HEA)/IL) ionogel sensing layer with a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The ionogel is constructed through a network‐constrained ionic soft‐space regulation strategy, where HEA‐rich segments strengthen the network, IL provides deformation‐adaptive ionic soft spaces, and BZMA‐rich hydrophobic segments suppress water penetration. The optimized ionogel combines stretchability (up to 1100%), weight retention (98.86% at room temperature and 95.25% at 65°C), favorable adhesion, anti‐swelling behavior, and stable sensing performance under multiple environmental conditions. The FPCB enables a detachable and reconfigurable sensor array, ensuring stable interfacial contact and wearing flexibility. By further combining multi‐channel signal acquisition, fully connected neural network (FCNN)‐assisted gesture classification, and real‐time alert feedback, the smart glove functions as an integrated sensing‐recognition‐warning platform, achieving 99.92% gesture recognition accuracy and enabling reliable underwater communication and safety warning. This work establishes an effective material design and integration strategy for environmentally adaptive smart gloves.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (62671362)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2023‐00302751)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2024‐00343686)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2026‐25523862)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2026‐25591398)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2026‐25572524)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS‐2026‐25530645)

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