Fracture features of granite under various deformation conditions

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Abstract
Fracture mechanisms of dry and water-saturated granite samples and slip (displacement) along a ready fault have been studied by measuring acoustic emission signals. It has been found that disperse defect formation is observed in dry samples under mechanical load, then localization occurs, and a fracture source is formed, whose development results in macrofault formation. In water saturated samples, chaotic defect formation occurs in the entire volume, which leads to a high degree of material damage. At the closing deformation stage, several fault source zones are formed in which main cracks develop. In the case of slip along a ready fault, stoppers at crack edges are broken.