Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on risk of sarcopenia: From lockdown and infection perspectives: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract
Background: During the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are numerous symptoms in the skeletal muscular system, such as decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and muscle function, which are the main manifestations of sarcopenia. To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sarcopenia from the perspectives of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and COVID-19 infection, we conducted this study. Methods: We searched for literature related to COVID-19 and sarcopenia published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Two researchers independently searched and screened the articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the final included literature. RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 8 articles with a total of 1145 patients were included. There was a significant difference in SARC-F scores (MD = 0.67, 95%CI = [0.41, 0.93], Z = 5.00, P < .00001), handgrip (MD = ‐1.57, 95%CI = [‐2.41, ‐0.73], Z = 3.66, P = .0002), body weight (MD = ‐1.87, 95%CI = [‐3.69, ‐0.05], Z = 2.01, P = .04), and skeletal muscle mass index (MD = ‐0.28, 95%CI = [‐0.54, ‐0.02], Z = 2.13, P = .03) between the time before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results showed that there was no significant difference in muscle mass between the 2 groups (MD = ‐1.72, 95%CI = [‐4.39, 0.94], Z = 1.27, P = .21). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on sarcopenia. Both infection with COVID-19 and lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic increase the risk of sarcopenia. Research should pay more attention to this disease during the COVID-19 pandemic and adopt effective interventions to minimize adverse outcomes.

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