Accelerated cross-linking of petroleum pitch for efficient hard carbon synthesis: A promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Abstract
Pitch-based hard carbon (HC) is an ideal anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low-cost and high pressure density. However, currently converting pitch, a soft carbon, into HC usually takes several tens of hours, greatly affecting production efficiency. In this paper, we prepared a high-performance pitch-based HC anode material for SIBs through two-step modification. The first modification rapidly and preliminarily crosslinks pitch molecules through strong acid solid-liquid reaction, while the second modification strengthens crosslinking through gas-solid reaction, successfully transforming petroleum pitch from soft carbon to HC and significantly reducing reaction time (the total reaction time only needs 3-5 hours). When used as anode for SIBs, the reversible specific capacity increased from 120.5 mAh g-1 to 326.3 mAh g-1, and the initial coulombic efficiency increased from 38.3% to 61.2%. This method provides industrial prospects for the rapid production of pitch-based HC anode.
Funding Information
  • Major Basic Research Projects (2023ZZ33-2)

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