Incidence matrices and line graphs of mixed graphs

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Abstract
In the theory of line graphs of undirected graphs, there exists an important theorem linking the incidence matrix of the root graph to the adjacency matrix of its line graph. For directed or mixed graphs, however, there exists no analogous result. The goal of this article is to present aligned definitions of the adjacency matrix, the incidence matrix, and line graph of a mixed graph such that the mentioned theorem is valid for mixed graphs.

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