Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal tumors at Viet Tiep Friendship Hospital from 2020 to 2025. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of patients with mediastinal tumors who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at the Cardiothoracic and General Surgery Departments of Viet Tiep Friendship Hospital, from January 2020 to December 2025. Results: There were 42 patients included in the study. Chest pain was the most common presenting complaint, reported in 16 cases (38.1%). Abnormal findings on chest radiography were observed in 33 patients (78.6%). Computed tomography most frequently demonstrated anterior mediastinal lesions and solid masses, accounting for 66.7% and 47.6%, respectively. Thymoma was the most prevalent histopathological type, identified in 16 patients (38.1%).. There were no deaths recorded during the follow-up period. Overally, postoperative outcomes were favorable in the majority of cases Conclusion: Thoracoscopic surgery is applicable to most locations and types of mediastinal tumors, with early postoperative results demonstrating a low rate of intraoperative events and postoperative complications.