Complications and post-gastrostomy care in adults and the elderly: a scoping review

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Abstract
Objective To draw up a protocol based on a scoping review in order to identify and synthesize the scientific evidence on the prevention of complications in adult and elderly patients undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Methods A scoping review was carried out according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s methodology. The MEDLINE®/PubMed®, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Bireme, SciELO, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were used from 2014 to 2024. The consultation was carried out independently by three researchers and a librarian. Rayyan Intelligent Systematic Review was used for the feasibility of selecting and analyzing the studies. The evidence was analyzed descriptively and presented in tables. Results A total of 1,015 documents were found, 124 in PubMed®, 32 in Cinahl, 2 in SciELO, 281 in Web of Science, 576 in Google Scholar and 1 in Embase. At first, the title and abstract of the articles were identified and 445 studies were selected, all in English and Portuguese. After reading the full text of the 21 studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The other articles did not meet the objective proposed for this study. Conclusion The results showed the importance of a detailed protocol that addresses the correct indication for the procedure, with appropriate laboratory tests carried out in accordance with the patient’s current clinical assessment, and maintenance and monitoring care after the procedure.

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