The Structural Regulation and Properties of Energetic Materials: A Review

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Abstract
Structural regulation is of great significance for improving the comprehensive performance of energetic materials (EMs). The structural regulation and properties of EMs were summarized. For single-component EMs, particle size control focuses on quality consistency and industrial scalability, morphology modification mainly improves sphericity through monomers or aggregates and explores the possibility of layered energetic materials in improving mechanical properties, and polycrystalline regulation suppresses metastable phases and explores novel crystalline forms using simulation-guided design. Composite EMs (CEMs) employ core–shell structures to balance safety with performance via advanced coating materials, cocrystal engineering to tailor energy release through intermolecular interactions, and lattice strain modulation, and mixing structures integrates component advantages while enhancing the reaction efficiency. Future directions emphasize computational simulations and novel fabrication methods to guide the rational design and precise preparation of next-generation EMs with specific functions.

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