Characterization of Bio-oils from Spruce Wood (Picea orientalisL.) via Pyrolysis

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Abstract
In this study, characterization of bio-oils from spruce wood (Picea orientalis, Lipsky) was investigated with aspect of structural, chemical, and thermochemical conversional properties. Proximate and elemental analyses, bio-oil analysis, fuel characteristics, and pyrolysis conditions of the samples were studied. The average kinematic viscosity (measured at 313 K) of bio-oil was 160 mm2/s. The average liquid density (measured at 293 K) of bio-oil was 1,195 kg/m3, compared to 750–990 kg/m3 for petroleum diesel fuels. The average yields of bio-oil and char from spruce wood were 39.7 and 36.3%, by weight of dry and ash free basis, respectively. The chemical formula of the bio-oil was CH1.478N0.009O0.232. The yields of bio-oils from the spruce wood samples increased from 34.8 to 45.4% when the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 625 to 800 K, respectively, and then decreased 45.4 to 37.3% when the final pyrolysis temperature was increased from 800 to 875 K, respectively.

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