Eye–steering coordination in natural driving

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Abstract
When driving along a winding road, eye movements and steering are tightly linked; the driver looks across to the inside kerb of an approaching bend some time before turning the steering wheel. With the eyes leading, the oculomotor controller assists the neural centres controlling steering; prevention of any eye movements correlated with steering impairs driving, so the coordination is crucial for safety. A key question is therefore what are the limits of acceptable variation in timing and degree of coordination. Over a period of continuous driving on the open road, how much does the relative timing and degree of coordination between eye and steering movements vary? A related question is how brief a period of driving will suffice to measure these coordination parameters. Drivers’ eye movements and steering were measured over different time periods ranging from 15 s to 6 min epochs of natural driving along a winding country road to establish the variability in coordination and the minimum time period required to characterise it. We show here that brief periods of driving, 30 s or less, are inadequate for describing eye–steering coordination. But a minute of driving yields an accurate description much of the time; and 2 min is sufficient both to accurately describe this relationship and to show that it is highly consistent for a given individual, and for different people driving the same route.

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