A Comparison of Effectiveness of Biofeedback and Pelvic Muscle Exercise Treatment of Stress Incontinence in Older Community-Dwelling Women

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Abstract
Research using biofeedback as a treatment for sphincteric incontinence began with Kegel's early studies using a perineometer and pelvic muscle exercises demonstrating a 90% improvement in urine loss symptoms. More recent studies using varying combinations of biofeedback and pelvic muscle exercises found symptom reduction rates of 78% to 90%, but these studies lacked the rigor of a “phase three,” or randomized controlled clinical trial.