Peripheral N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors Modulate Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation in Rabbits

Authors:
  • MFMakoto Funahashi
    Makoto Funahashi
  • TMTakuya Miyawaki
    Takuya Miyawaki
  • MHMotohiko Hanazaki
    Motohiko Hanazaki
  • RMRyuji Matsuo
    Ryuji Matsuo
  • MSMasahiko Shimada
    Masahiko Shimada
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Abstract
Healthy volunteers at rates of 0.083, 0.167, 0.333, and 0.833 μg/min. Forearm blood flow was measured in both the experimental and control arms with venous occlusion plethysmography. The forearm blood flow in the infused arm increased in a dose-dependent fashion from 3.2 to 5.2 mL/min per 100 mL of tissue whereas simultaneous measurements in the control (non-infused) arm did not increase. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were unchanged during the infusions. Furthermore, respiratory rate did not change at any infusion level and sedation did not occur. Thus, the data support that significant systemic “spillover” of sufentanil did not occur. We conclude that sufentanil has a direct, vasodilatory effect on human vascular tissue that is likely independent of a neurogenic or systemic mechanism....

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