Selective attention reduces responses to relevant sounds in human auditory cortex

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Abstract
Selective attention enables the preferential processing of relevant stimulus aspects. Invasive animal studies have shown that attending a sound feature rapidly modifies neuronal tuning throughout the auditory cortex. Human neuroimaging studies have reported enhanced auditory cortical responses with selective attention. To date, it remains unclear how the results obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans relate to the electrophysiological findings in animal models. Here we aim to close the gap between animal and human research by combining a selective attention task similar in design to those used in animal electrophysiology with high spatial resolution ultra-high field fMRI at 7 Tesla. Specifically, human participants perform a detection task, while the probability of target occurrence varies with sound frequency. Contrary to previous fMRI studies, we show that selective attention reduces responses to the attended frequencies in those neuronal populations preferring the attended frequency. Through population receptive field (pRF) mapping, we furthermore show that these response reductions are at least partially driven by frequency-induced pRF narrowing. The difference between our results to those of previous fMRI studies supports the notion that the influence of selective attention on auditory cortex is diverse and may depend on context, task, and auditory processing stage.
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