Unravelling Mechanisms of Cancer Cells' Tropism for Metastasis: A Key to Improved Cancer Therapies

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Abstract
Selective migration of tumors to particular organs, referred to as organ tropism, is not arbitrary but guided by intricate molecular interactions and a complex network of various secretory molecules. This site‐specific migration is modulated by molecular crosstalk, where cytokines and other effectors help tumor cells adapt to and colonize a new organ by reshaping their epigenetics. It is well established that breast and colorectal cancers, for instance, can epigenetically modify themselves to show a preference for the brain, bones, lungs, and liver but the key modulators are still elusive. Here, we have discussed the key mechanisms, including the critical interacting molecules, cytokines, and pathways that drive this site‐specific tropism‐based colonization. By synthesizing current knowledge, we highlight central players in this process and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets to inhibit metastasis and improve patient outcomes.

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