Admission prevalence of colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and subsequent infection rates in a German university hospital

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Abstract
Many patients admitted to a hospital are already colonized with multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO) including third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCREB). The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of rectal 3GCREB colonization at admission to a large German university hospital and to estimate infection incidences. In addition, risk factors for 3GCREB colonization were identified. In 2014 and 2015, patients were screened for rectal colonization with 3GCREB and filled out a questionnaire on potential risk factors at admission to a non-intensive care unit (non-ICU). All patients were retrospectively monitored for bacterial infections. Descriptive, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for 3GCREB colonization at admission. Of 4,013 patients included, 10.3% (n = 415) were rectally colonized with 3GCREB at admission. Incidence of nosocomial infections was 3.5 (95% CI 2.0–6.1) per 100 patients rectally colonized with 3GCREB compared to 2.3 (95% CI 1.8–3.0, P = 0.213) per 100 3GCREB negative patients. Independent risk factors for 3GCREB colonization were prior colonization / infection with MDRO (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.59–3.32), prior antimicrobial treatment (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.59–2.45), male sex (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.70), prior travelling outside Europe (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.77–3.22) and places of residence in the Berlin districts Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06–2.18), Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.44–3.74) and Mitte (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.26–2.36). Admission prevalence of rectal colonization with 3GCREB was high, while infection incidence did not significantly differ between patients rectally colonized or not with 3GCREB at hospital admission. In consequence, hospitals should prioritize improvement of standard precautions including hand hygiene to prevent infections among all patients irrespective of their 3GCREB status at hospital admission.

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