Sol‐Gel‐Based Template Synthesis and Li‐Insertion Rate Performance of Nanostructured Vanadium Pentoxide

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Abstract
We have prepared nanostructured electrodes of orthorhombic using the template synthesis method. These electrodes were used to investigate the effects of Li‐ion diffusion distance and surface area on rate capability. Nanowires of were prepared by depositing a precursor into the pores of microporous polycarbonate filtration membranes. This procedure yielded an ensemble of 115 nm diam, 2 μm long nanowires of which protruded from a surface layer like the bristles of a brush. The galvanostatic discharge performance of these nanostructured electrodes was compared to a thin‐film electrode of similar mass and geometric area. The storage capacity of the thin‐film electrode was equivalent to that of the nanostructured electrode at low (C/20) discharge rates. However, at a rate of 200 C, the nanostructured electrode delivered three times the capacity of the thin film electrode. Above 500 C the nanostructured electrode delivered four times the capacity of the thin‐film control electrode. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.