Effects of Dietary Supplementation with n‐6 and n‐3 Long‐chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Serum Lipoproteins and Platelet Function in Hypertriglyceridaemic Patients

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Abstract
Twenty‐seven patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were given dietary supplementation either with evening primrose oil rich in gammalinolenic acid (GLA, 18: 3 n‐6) (n=13) or a marine oil concentrate containing n‐3 fatty acids (n=14) in a double‐blind cross‐over design during 8+8 weeks with olive oil as placebo. During GLA supplementation, increases in GLA and dihomogammalinolenic acid (20: 3 n‐6) were found in plasma lipid esters and platelet phospholipids, whereas platelet function and serum lipoproteins were unaffected. During supplementation with n‐3 fatty acids there was a significant decrease in triglycerides in all lipoprotein fractions with a slight increase in high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. A marked increase in the long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids was found both in plasma and platelets, mainly at the expense of the n‐6 fatty acids. No pronounced effects on platelet reactivity could be demonstrated. Our results confirm a triglyceride‐lowering effect of n‐3 fatty acids, whereas no such effect of GLA could be demonstrated.

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