Isolation of limonoids and alkaloids fromPhellodendron amurense and their multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity

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Abstract
Three limonoids and five alkaloids were isolated from the chloroform layer of the MeOH extract of the bark ofPhellodendron amurense (Rutaceae). The structures of the compounds isolated were determined to be obacunone (1), limonin (2), 12α-hydroxylimonin (3), γ-fagarine (4), oxyberberine (5), canthin-6-one (6), 4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-quinolone (7) and oxypalmatine (8) based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic data. Compounds3,5,7, and8 were first isolated from thePhellodendron amurense. The isolated compounds were then tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell linesin vitro using the SRB method. Compound5 showed significant cytotoxicity against the five tumor cell lines with ED50 values ranging from 0.30 to 3.0 μg/mL. The marginal or noncytotoxic compounds (1,2,3,4, and7) were examined for their P-gp related MDR reversal activities. Compound1 showed significant P-gp MDR inhibition activity in MES-SA/DX5 and HCT15 cells with an ED50 value of 0.028 μg/mL and 0.0011 μ.g/mL, respectively.

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