From “Fit and Forget” to “Flex or Regret” in Distribution Grids: Dealing With Congestion in European Distribution Grids

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Abstract
The support of decentralized energy resources under the Fit for 55 package and the REPowerEU plan places distribution grid users and distribution system operators (DSOs) at the center of the future European energy system. Also, the interaction between both types of agents is gaining importance for two reasons. First, DSOs face challenges connecting these new grid users to their network, leading to an increased need for grid investments and congestion management measures. Second, engaging these new grid users can bring opportunities for DSOs to manage their network and its possible congestion more efficiently.