Efficiency-Enhanced Wireless Power Transfer System Featuring a Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna for Mobile Charging

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Abstract
This work presents a pattern-reconfigurable wireless power transfer (WPT) system operating at 3.5 GHz. By leveraging PIN diode switching, the transmitting antenna achieves three beam-steering modes with $\pm 55^{\circ }$ angular coverage and a maximum gain of 6.7 dBi. The compact rectenna (rectifying antenna) integrates a high-efficiency rectifier circuit and a receiving antenna, achieving a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 58% at 5 dBm input power and a total system efficiency of 92%. Experimental results validated continuous power delivery to IoT devices in motion, producing 0.7–1 V output across a 2 m horizontal range under dynamic conditions. The system architecture controls beam steering through the strategic utilization of two PIN diodes, enabling adaptive power allocation while maintaining high receiving efficiency and a compact form factor. This proposed WPT system design is well-suited for mobile charging applications.
Funding Information
  • Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
  • AI University Research Centre
  • Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Centre of Data Science and Cognitive Computation at XJTLU (YZCXPT2022103)
  • XJTLU Research Development Fund (RDF-21-02-020, RDF-21-02-057, RDF-24-01-079, RDF-22-02-099)

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