A Reconfigurable Complementary Frequency-Selective Surface with Single-, Dual-, and Attenuated-Passband Responses

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Abstract
This paper presents a reconfigurable frequency-selective surface (FSS) featuring switchable reflection and transmission characteristics based on a complementary-inspired four-arm star geometry. The design process begins with the independent analysis of a slot element and its complementary patch counterpart, which are subsequently integrated on a single-layer substrate. To enable electrical reconfigurability, the patch element is modified by adding a switching point to integrate a PIN diode along with bias lines for feeding. The electromagnetic response is evaluated across three diode operational states: off (reverse bias), on (forward bias), and threshold bias. For TE polarization, the structure exhibits a singlepassband response near 3.75 GHz in the reverse-biased state and a dual-passband response near 2.1 GHz and 6.9 GHz in the forwardbiased state, with a stopband between the two passbands. At the threshold voltage, the reconfigurable complementary FSS provides an attenuated-transmission state, enabling control of the transmitted signal level. These operating modes allow the same surface to switch between transmission, rejection, and attenuation, which is useful for adaptive filtering, interference mitigation, and signallevel control in intelligent 5G-Advanced communication network applications.

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