Myrcia is the sole genus within the subtribe Myrciinae (tribe Myrteae, family Myrtaceae) and includes approximately 800 species, divided into nine sections. One of these sections, Myrcia sect. Eugeniopsis, is the focus of the present study. This section is characterized by several distinctive features, including: reddish trichomes; young branches, leaves and flowers covered by numerous gland dots; inflorescence usually arising at the subterminal nodes of the branch of the season, with an early deciduous bract; clavate floral bud with the corolla barely visible before anthesis; hypanthium extending into a tube beyond the ovary, not tearing at anthesis or often with a small vertical rip (but usually not tearing the staminal ring); calyx lobes small, free and deciduous parallel to the hypanthium ring; and staminal ring thin and usually with trichomes. Another typical feature is the discolorous leaf blade in the dried specimens, where the adaxial surface is darkened and the abaxial surface is lighter. The species within this section are endemic to the eastern portion of South America, primarily concentrated in the Atlantic Forest Domain. Collections of 36 herbaria were analysed, totalling about 1,200 specimens, with at least one type material for each name checked in loco. Field expeditions were conducted, and some species were also studied in their natural habitats. The characterization of the section is provided, as well as an identification key. The taxonomic treatment for each species includes nomenclatural data, comprehensive morphological descriptions, and discussions on distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomy. Distribution maps, conservation status and images of representative specimens for each species are also provided. Sixteen species are currently accepted in Myrcia sect. Eugeniopsis: Myrcia advena, Myrcia clausseniana, M. eugenioides, M. eugeniopsoides, M. ferruginosa, M. gaudichaudiana, M. hatschbachii, M. maculata, M. oblongata, M. polygama, M. reitzii, M. suberosa, M. tenondeporan, M. tenuivenosa, M. teuscheriana and M. vellozoi.