Background: Extrarenal 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D) locally produced by immune cells plays crucial roles on the regulation of the immune system. However, in vivo status of extrarenal 1,25-D and 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) in acute inflammatory conditions are unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine extrarenal 1,25-D level in circulation in bilaterally nephrectomized rats induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Renal 1,25-D synthesis was terminated through bilateral nephrectomy in rats. The rats received intraperitoneal LPS (50 µg/kg BW) three times and the experiment was ended 24 hours after nephrectomy. Serum 1,25-D, 25-D, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels were measured and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect the sources of extrarenal 1,25-D synthesis. Results: Circulatory 1,25-D concentration remarkably increased in the both LPS-treated and non-treated bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Elevated circulatory 1,25-D didn’t have hypercalcemic endocrinal effects. Increased 1,25-D level also resulted in concurrent rapid and dramatic depletion of circulatory 25-D. Conclusions: In conclusion, extrarenal 1,25-D could enter into the systemic circulation and therefore, might have systemic effects besides its autocrin and paracrine functions.