Regional methods of analgesia in the complex of anesthetic support of laparoscopic interventions in emergency surgery (current state of the issue)

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Abstract
Postoperative pain syndrome, which is experienced by up to 75% of operated patients, is a significant factor in the long-term recovery of the patient and the development of complications. To solve this problem, modern surgical care adheres to the concept of accelerated recovery of patients, while anesthetic care is focused on the use of a multimodal approach to analgesia. In the formation of this approach, which meets the criteria of efficiency and safety, anesthesiology has gone through an evolutionary path associated with the emergence of drugs (both general and local anesthetics), new methods of anesthesia, improvement of equipment for monitoring the patient’s condition and the active introduction of ultrasound technologies into the practice of an anesthesiologists. Laparoscopic technologies are common in surgical interventions and, due to their high information content, low trauma and the possibility of rapid recovery of patients, are currently used in almost all areas of surgery, including for emergency nosologies. In conditions of limited time resources and, in some cases, the absence of a personalized examination during urgent interventions, as well as when surgical tactics are reduced to diagnostic laparoscopic intervention, it is advisable to study in more detail the types of anesthetic aids from the point of view of the possibility and safety of their use. In particular, one of the modern methods is interfascial blockades as part of a multimodal approach to anesthetic support of urgent laparoscopic interventions.

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