Predicting postoperative recovery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: construction and interpretation of T2*-weighted radiomic-based extra trees models

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Abstract
Objectives Conventional MRI may not be ideal for predicting cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) prognosis. In this study, we used radiomics in predicting postoperative recovery in CSM. We aimed to develop and validate radiomic feature-based extra trees models. Methods There were 151 patients with CSM who underwent preoperative T2-/ T2*-weighted imaging (WI) and surgery. They were divided into good/poor outcome groups based on the recovery rate. Datasets from multiple scanners were randomised into training and internal validation sets, while the dataset from an independent scanner was used for external validation. Radiomic features were extracted from the transverse spinal cord at the maximum compressed level. Threshold selection algorithm, collinearity removal, and tree-based feature selection were applied sequentially in the training set to obtain the optimal radiomic features. The classification of intramedullary increased signal on T2/T2*WI and compression ratio of the spinal cord on T2*WI were selected as the conventional MRI features. Clinical features were age, preoperative mJOA, and symptom duration. Four models were constructed: radiological, radiomic, clinical-radiological, and clinical-radiomic. An AUC significantly > 0.5 was considered meaningful predictive performance based on the DeLong test. The mean decrease in impurity was used to measure feature importance. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results On internal and external validations, AUCs of the radiomic and clinical-radiomic models, and radiological and clinical-radiological models ranged from 0.71 to 0.81 (significantly > 0.5) and 0.40 to 0.55, respectively. Wavelet-LL first-order variance was the most important feature in the radiomic model. Conclusion Radiomic features, especially wavelet-LL first-order variance, contribute to meaningful predictive models for CSM prognosis. Key Points • Conventional MRI features may not be ideal in predicting prognosis. • Radiomics provides greater predictive efficiency in the recovery from cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
Funding Information
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102638)
  • Peking University Third Hospital’s Research, Innovation and Transformation Fund (BYSYZHKC2020116)
  • Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (BYSY2018003)
  • Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z190020, 7204327)
  • Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2020-4-40916)
  • Clinical Medicine Plus X – Young Scholars Project, Peking University, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (PKU2021LCXQ005)
  • The National Multidisciplinary Cooperative Diagnosis and Treatment Capacity Building Project for Major Diseases

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