Measuring Extended Water Interfacial Structures. Water Nanoclusters (∼50 nm) Involved by Ice-like II Walls (∼10 nm)

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Abstract
Interfacial water layers attached to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates have low dielectric permittivity. Measured structural differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic arrangements are presented in this work. Nanosized water clusters (∼50 nm) are observed in air/water interfacial regions characterized by an ice-like structure forming walls surrounding regions with a dielectric constant ε ∼7.6. Walls are formed by an ice-like II structural arrangement. This condensed phase of water possesses an extremely small dielectric constant (ε ∼3.6) and forms wired water structures. Two nonequilibrium arrangements are then responsible for the measured spatially variable dielectric constant profiles observed in Atomic Force Microscopy.

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