Review on Cellulase and Xylanase Engineering for Biofuel Production

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Abstract
Energy security, climate change, and economic development are the driving forces behind the increasing focus on biofuel production worldwide. Lignocellulose can provide ample raw materials for biofuel production, via its hydrolysis and the fermentation of the released sugars. Currently, lignocellulases are often used to catalyze this step, which hydrolyze the β-1, 4 glycosidic linkages in lignocellulose. These enzymes offer a good starting point for enhancing the overall economics of biofuel production. To reduce cost in biofuel production, there is a need for enzymes with improved activity and broader substrate range. The rapid development of a variety of protein engineering techniques has facilitated the development of novel biocatalysts with improved properties. A range of specific properties can be enhanced in enzymes, including the catalytic activity, thermostability, and specificity, under industrial conditions.

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