Optimal Configuration and Coordinated Scheduling of Hybrid Inverter-Based Energy Sources in Large-Scale Green Management Systems

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Abstract
The increasing penetration of inverter-based renewable energy sources (IBR), such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, offers an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective solution for achieving net-zero emissions. However, integrating these systems into power grids poses significant challenges in maintaining a reliable power supply, particularly due to the operational characteristics of IBRs. IBR control strategies are typically classified into two configurations: grid-forming control (GFM) and grid-following control (GFL). This paper proposes a novel optimization framework for the strategic allocation of IBRs and the selection of their control configurations, ensuring both cost-effective placement and system stability. A two-stage optimization approach is employed: the first stage optimizes IBR placement, quantity, and dispatched power to minimize total power losses and enhance network efficiency, while the second stage determines the optimal inverter configuration to improve dynamic stability, supporting the development of resilient and decarbonized energy networks. The proposed methodology is validated on a modified IEEE 38-bus system, representing a future grid scenario with a high share of IBRs. The results indicate that the GFM inverters should be connected to the main feeder connected to the weak grid, whereas the GFL inverters are best suited for branch feeders. Furthermore, the optimal placement of the GFM inverters is influenced by the network topology and loading conditions, highlighting the adaptability of the proposed framework to varying grid configurations.
Funding Information
  • Khalifa University of Science and Technology (CIRA-2021-063)

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