The Structure of the Large-Scale Heliosphere as Seen by Current Models

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Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of research aiming at a description of the global heliosphere using both analytical and numerical modeling efforts, particularly in view of the overall plasma/neutral flow and magnetic field structure, and its relation to energetic neutral atoms. Being part of a larger volume on current heliospheric research, it also lays out a number of key concepts and describes several classic, though still relevant early works on the topic. Regarding numerical simulations, emphasis is put on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), multi-fluid, kinetic-MHD, and hybrid modeling frameworks. Finally, open issues relating to the physical relevance of so-called “croissant” models of the heliosphere, as well as the general (dis)agreement of model predictions with observations are highlighted and critically discussed.
Funding Information
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FI 706/23-1)
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS597271, NNX07AJ69G, NNN06AA01C, 80NSSC19K0260,80NSSC18K1649, 80NSSC18K1212, 80NSSC19K0260, 80NSSC18K1649, 80NSSC18K1212)
  • National Science Foundation (PHY-2010450, 2031611)
  • National Science Foundation (2031611)
  • Ruhr-Universität Bochum

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