Both flow-mediated dilation and constriction are associated with changes in blood flow and shear stress: Two complementary perspectives on endothelial function

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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) quantifies endothelium-dependent vasomotor responses to short-term increases in blood flow. Low-flow mediated vasoconstriction (L-FMC) has been more recently introduced as additional measure of endothelial f

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