Introduction: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the gender disparity in COVID-19 prevalence and the potential protective impact of female sex hormones against the virus. Methods: A literature review was conducted to correlate previously reported molecular mechanisms of estrogen and their possible implications for minimizing risks associated with new coronaviruses. Discussion: Estrogen may contribute to improved immune regulation and reduced viral pathogenesis, helping explain sex-based differences in COVID-19 outcomes. Conclusion: Both natural and synthesised oestrogen have immune-modulatory properties that may help prevent viral pathogenesis and provide a solid basis for future COVID-19 antiviral treatments.