Pavonia neuropetala, a new species from the Cerrado of southwestern Mato Grosso, is hereby described and illustrated. It belongs to Pavonia subgenus Pavonia section Lopimia f and its conservation status was assessed as Critically Endangered. Its morphological affinities with related species are discussed, images, a table with morphologic data, and a key of species from Pavonia section Lopimia from Mato Grosso are provided.