Uplift Phenomenon: Model, Validation, and Design

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Abstract
Uplift induced slope failure occurs due to high water pressures in the sand layer below the soft top layers in a polder. The top layers are lifted due to water pressure invoking slope instability. The mechanism is significant in the Dutch lowlands. In this paper a new stability design model has been presented and corresponding geocentrifuge testing, a full-scale field test, and numerical validation are discussed, as well as the influence of the human factor. Comparisons of the new model with four existing models are shown for ten Dutch representative polder dikes. Furthermore, safety aspects are discussed and conclusions are drawn. The new design model has been incorporated in the Dutch national guideline for dike design.