Synchronous pancreatic adenocarcinoma and duodenal mucosa‑associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A case report

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Abstract
Rationale: Duodenal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare condition. Simultaneous presence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma along with duodenal MALT lymphoma has not been documented in the scientific literature. We report an exceptionally rare case of synchronous duodenal MALT lymphoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Patient concerns: A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with dyspepsia and weight loss. Diagnoses: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, revealing synchronous tumor comprising pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma of the duodenum. Interventions: Given that the pancreatic carcinoma would be the primary determinant of prognosis, we prioritized treatment of the pancreatic carcinoma. Consequently, we performed a Whipple operation first. Post-operative pathologic examination revealed metastasis of pancreatic cancer to peri-pancreatic lymph nodes, whereas the MALT lymphoma was localized to the duodenum; therefore, only adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer was performed. Outcomes: To date, the patient has had no recurrence of either the pancreatic cancer or the MALT lymphoma. Lessons: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported. Awareness of this co-occurrence may help diagnosis and management of similar cases.

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