IntracellularShigellaremodels its LPS to dampen the innate immune recognition and evade inflammasome activation

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Abstract
Significance: During bacterial infection, the eukaryotic innate immune system detects a restricted number of bacterial structures, such as LPSs, and activates signaling pathways conveying an inflammatory reaction aimed at eradication of the pathogen.Shigellaspp. are human enteropathogens that invade colonic and rectal mucosa, where they cause deleterious inflammation. Here we show thatShigelladrastically modifies the degree of acylation of the lipid A moiety of LPS during host cell invasion. The purified hypoacylated LPS displays a reduced inflammatory potential that allows the bacteria to lower the sensing activity of the immune system and to escape from downstream effector mechanisms.

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