Online Optimization in Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Generation: Advances and Prospects

Authors:
  • ZWZhaojian Wang
    Zhaojian Wang
  • WWWei Wei
    Wei Wei
  • JPJohn Zhen Fu Pang
    John Zhen Fu Pang
  • FLFeng Liu
    Feng Liu
  • BYBo Yang
    Bo Yang
  • XGXinping Guan
    Xinping Guan
  • SMShengwei Mei
    Shengwei Mei
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Abstract
Traditionally, offline optimization of power systems is acceptable due to the largely predictable loads and reliable generation. The increasing penetration of fluctuating renewable generation and Internet-of-Things devices allowing for fine-grained controllability of loads have led to the diminishing applicability of offline optimization in the power systems domain, and have redirected attention to online optimization methods. However, online optimization is a broad topic that can be applied in and motivated by different settings, operated on different time scales, and built on different theoretical foundations. This paper reviews the various types of online optimization techniques used in the power systems domain and aims to make clear the distinction between the most common techniques used. In particular, we introduce and compare four distinct techniques used covering the breadth of online optimization techniques used in the power systems domain, i.e., optimization-guided dynamic control, feedback optimization for single-period problems, Lyapunov-based optimization, and online convex optimization techniques for multi-period problems. Lastly, we recommend some potential future directions for online optimization in the power systems domain.
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