A Comparative Study of Dual-Monitor and Augmented-Reality Interfaces for Digital-Twin-Based Debugging

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Abstract
Traditional software development workflows, which rely primarily on physical multi-monitor setups, are effective for developing desktop and server-based applications that display output to users via monitors. However, these workflows face limitations in domains such as cyber-physical systems, particularly in robotics, where applications must interact directly with the physical environment. In such domains, digital twins offer an opportunity to visualize and debug these systems within a simulated and realistic environment. In this paper, we present the results of a comparative user study, investigating the use of a digital twin in an extended workspace via a secondary monitor and through Augmented Reality (AR). Participants were instructed to perform debugging tasks on robot control software in a textual programming language using a widely adopted IDE on the primary monitor. This setup was extended by a 3D visualization of a physical robot, shown either in 2D on a secondary monitor or in 3D via AR. In addition to quantitative performance metrics, we also conducted a qualitative analysis to capture subjective user experiences and preferences. While our results indicate a slight performance advantage when using the secondary monitor, we also found that participants took a more systematic, analysis-driven debugging approach using AR.
Funding Information
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (497135838)

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