Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of outcome measurements for schizophrenia

Authors:
  • JVJosé Luis Vázquez-Barquero
    José Luis Vázquez-Barquero
  • BWBirgitte Welcher
    Birgitte Welcher
  • TBThomas Becker
    Thomas Becker
  • DCDaniel Chisholm
    Daniel Chisholm
  • MRMirella Ruggeri
    Mirella Ruggeri
  • ASAart H. Schene
    Aart H. Schene
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Abstract
Background Research on the comparison of mental health services has identified the need for internationally standardised and reliable measurements. Aims To describe the strategies adopted in the European Psychiatric Services: Inputs Linked to Outcome Domains and Needs (EPSILON) Study for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of five European versions of the instruments. Method A protocol was developed for translation of the outcome scales, describing each step in the translation procedure. Disputed items were discussed in focus groups, which faced seven tasks: a list of topics to be discussed; choosing where the group should meet; composition of participants; conducting the group; data collection; data completion afterwards; reporting results. Results Modifications made to instruments were: changes in the instrument structure, contents and concepts; adjustments to the instrument structure; and modifications to the instrument manual. Conclusion Use of focus groups is an adequate method to apply if concepts, constructs and translation issues are to be addressed; otherwise, less time-consuming methods should be considered.

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