Neurological Soft Signs

Authors:
  • DSDavid Shaffer
    David Shaffer
  • ISIrvin Schonfeld
    Irvin Schonfeld
  • POPatricia A. O'Connor
    Patricia A. O'Connor
  • CSCornelis Stokman
    Cornelis Stokman
  • PTPaul Trautman
    Paul Trautman
  • SSStephen Shafer
    Stephen Shafer
  • SNStephen Ng
    Stephen Ng
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Abstract
• Sixty-three male and 27 female adolescents known to have had neurological soft signs at the age of 7 years were compared with controls with no soft signs at age 7. Adolescents with early soft signs had significantly lower IQs and were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder characterized by anxiety, withdrawal, and depression. All the girls and 80% (12/15) of the boys with an anxiety-withdrawal diagnosis showed early soft signs. There was no relationship between early soft signs and attention deficit or conduct disorders. Examination of the relative contributions of anxiety at age 7, IQ, and social and family disadvantage to later diagnosis showed that most of the variance was accounted for by soft signs independently of IQ. Soft signs and anxious dependent behavior at age 7 were strongly predictive of persistent psychiatric disorder characterized by anxiety and withdrawal.

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