Dissipative fluid dynamics in the 3 + 1 formalism

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Abstract
Non-ideal relativistic hydrodynamics is formulated with respect to fiducial observers (FIDOs). Three types of theories for dissipative relativistic fluids are considered, which have different causality properties, and different complexity of the equations that determine the dissipative fluxes. The 3 + 1 equations for these fluid theories are given in terms of the 3-space quantities which correspond to those familiar from non-relativistic physics.

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