High-resolution asymmetric optical fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of micro-displacement and temperature

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Abstract
A high-resolution asymmetric sensor is designed for simultaneously measuring temperature and micro-displacement. The sensor is based on a bent single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure, forming a balloon-like shape that incorporates two tapers of distinct diameters. This novel structure not only facilitates Mach-Zehnder interference but also strengthens the evanescent field exposure, resulting in two distinct dips that exhibit unique responses to micro-displacement and temperature. Therefore, the interferometer can measure both micro-displacement and temperature simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensitivities of the micro-displacement and temperature for the two spectral dips are 807.7 pm/µm, 35.9 pm/ ℃ and 341.0 pm/µm, 52.4 pm/ ℃ , respectively. Meanwhile, the resolutions for micro-displacement and temperature are 0.011 µm and 0.310 °C, respectively. It is demonstrated that the micro-displacement sensitivity and resolution of the sensor in this work are significantly higher than those of previously reported designs. The sensor is a relatively simple structure to fabricate, is cost-effective and has both high sensitivity and resolution. It is, therefore, a promising candidate for various industrial applications, including aerospace, marine engineering and precision spatial positioning.

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