Electrochemical doping of polyaniline: effects on conductivity and optical spectra

Authors:
  • PMPeter M. McManus
    Peter M. McManus
  • SYSze Cheng Yang
    Sze Cheng Yang
  • RCRichard J. Cushman
    Richard J. Cushman
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Abstract
Polyaniline was electrochemically doped to three electrically and spectroscopically distinctive forms; the closed valence-shell oxidized and reduced forms and the radical intermediate form.