Protein Nanoparticles: Promising Platforms for Drug Delivery Applications

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Abstract
Developing drug delivery systems using nanoparticles as carriers for small and large therapeutic molecules remains a rapidly growing area of research. The advantages of using proteins for preparing nanoparticles for drug-delivery applications include their abundance in natural sources, biocompatibility, biodegradability, an easy synthesis process and cost effectiveness. In contrast to several particulate systems like nanoparticles from metallic and inorganic/synthetic sources, the protein nanoparticles do not have limitations such as potential toxicity, large size and accumulation or rapid clearance from the body. In addition, protein-based nanoparticles offer opportunity for surface modification by conjugating other protein and carbohydrate ligands. This enables targeted delivery to the desired tissue and organ, which further reduces systemic toxicity. The use of protein nanoparticles for such applications could, therefore, prove to be a better alternative to maneuver and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the various types of drug molecules. In this review, while focusing on properties of few proteins such as silk protein fibroin, we attempt to provide an overview of the existing protein-based nanoparticles. We discuss various methods for synthesis of this class of nanoparticles. The review brings forth some of the factors that are important for the design of this class of nanoparticles and highlight the applications of the nanoparticles from these proteins.
Funding Information
  • University Grants Commission (F.30-301/2016 (BSR))
  • Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ECR/001173/2016)
  • Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology (BT/PR18562/BIC/101/424/2016)
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (668983)

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