Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Using Torrefied Biowaste Dielectrics

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Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) emerge as efficient energy‐harvesting devices that convert mechanical energy into electricity. While various dielectric materials have been explored, the potential of torrefied biowaste materials as dielectric layers remains underexplored. This study investigates the triboelectric performance of three unique biowaste materials—torrefied pine sawdust (P.S.), chicken manure (C.M.), and rose pulp (R.P.)—embedded in silicone matrices at varying weight fractions (2.5–10%). The study employs comprehensive material characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscope imaging and electrical performance analysis, to evaluate charge accumulation, dielectric properties, and power generation efficiency. The results reveal that the optimal embedding ratio is 7.5 wt% for P.S. and C.M., yielding maximum power outputs of 184 and 222 mW, respectively, at 1 MΩ load resistance. In contrast, R.P. exhibits peak performance at 2.5 wt%, generating 176 mW. The highest open‐circuit voltage values are recorded as 1250 V for P.S., 1400 V for C.M., and 1325 V for R.P. at 50 MΩ resistance. The findings highlight that torrefied C.M. provides superior charge retention and power stability, outperforming P.S. and R.P. The study bridges a critical research gap by demonstrating the feasibility of torrefied biowaste as an eco‐friendly alternative for enhancing TENG efficiency.

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