Coincident reflection images of the Gulf Stream from seismic and hydrographic data

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Abstract
The development of seismic oceanography requires direct comparison of seismic data to high‐resolution oceanographic measurements over long horizontal scales. Here, we compare multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection images to 300 km of spatially‐coincident, high‐resolution (<1 km) expendable bathythermograph (XBT) surveys that were collected near a frontal region of the Gulf Stream. Fronts, eddies, tendrils, and interleaving were among the features identified in both data sets. In some cases, identification of features would be difficult if only hydrographic data were collected at conventional spatial scales. Comparing MCS reflection images with others derived purely from hydrographic data reveal many similarities and show that interleaving can be clearly identified with seismic methods. Varied time lags between MCS and hydrographic data collection identified the need for the separation between collecting both data sets to be short (i.e. hours to days), with advective processes and decorerlation time scales of desired features affecting acceptable sampling strategies.

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