The complete ionization scheme for citric acid

Authors:
  • KPKn Pearce
    Kn Pearce
  • LCLk Creamer
    Lk Creamer
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Abstract
The microacidity constants for citric acid have been redetermined from pH titrations of citric acid and selected methyl esters in aqueous solution at 25°C and at two ionic strengths. The results obtained differ from those previously published. Calculated acidity constants, derived from a careful consideration of the empirical substituent effect, are also given and are in reasonable agreement with the experimental acidity constants.