Exosomal miR-21 from tubular cells contributes to renal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via targeting PTEN in obstructed kidneys

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Abstract
Rationale: Ureteral obstruction-induced hydronephrosis is associated with renal fibrosis and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication has been suggested to be involved in various diseases, including renal fibrosis. However, little is known regarding how exosomes regulate renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys.

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