Abstract
As it has become a tradition to point out, sequencing the first human genome as part of the Human Genome Project effort cost some $3 billion, and even after that, in the early to mid-2000s, it still cost several million to sequence and assemble a mammalian-sized genome using Sanger sequencing methods. The low throughput of Sanger sequencing had been driving demand for improved/alternative sequencing technologies already throughout the 1980s and 1990s [1–4], and in the mid-2000s, the pioneering efforts from the previous years finally came to fruition in the form of practical and/or commercialized platforms such as the Polonator, 454, Solexa/Illumina, ABI SOLiD and Helicos [5–9] (so-called ‘second-generation’...

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