The Role of Social Contexts in Adolescence: Context Protection and Context Risk in the United States and China
Authors:
- Frances M. CostaFCFrances M. Costa
- Richard JessorRJRichard Jessor
- Mark S. TurbinMTMark S. Turbin
- Qi DongQDQi Dong
- Hongchuan ZhangHZHongchuan Zhang
- Changhai WangCWChanghai Wang
- 1 April 2005
- journal article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Applied Developmental Science
- Vol. 9 (2) , 67-85
Abstract
A theoretical framework about protective factors (models protection, controls protection, support protection) and risk factors (models risk, opportunity risk, vulnerability risk) was employed to articulate the content of 4 key contexts of adolescent life—family, peers, school, and neighborhood—in a cross-national study of problem behavior among 7th-, 8th-, and 9th-grade adolescents in the United States (n = 1,596) and the People's Republic of China (n = 1,739). Results were very similar in both samples and across genders. Measures of protection and risk in each of the 4 contexts uniquely contributed to the account of problem behavior involvement even when individual-level measures of protection and risk were controlled. Context protection was also shown to moderate individual-level risk and protection in 1 context moderated risk within that context and in other contexts. Controls protection—protection provided by rules, regulations, and expected sanctions for transgression from adults and peers—was the mo...Keywords
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