Three-dimensional band mapping of graphite

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Abstract
We developed a method to visualize the curved surfaces of valence band dispersion by a display-type spherical mirror analyzer. The π and σ band “surfaces” of graphitemeasured and displayed three dimensionally contain fruitful information compared to the conventional band dispersion “curves” along a certain direction in k space. The slope and the curvature of local band structure correspond to the velocity and the mass of the valence electrons. By integrating band energy over the entire Brillouin zone, the electronic part of the condensation energy is obtained. Furthermore, the atomic orbitals composing each band are determined from two-dimensional photoelectron intensity distribution by using linearly polarized synchrotron radiation.

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